A First Aid(e) for God/dess: Hanumān as the Helper Deity in Vaishnavism, Śaivism, and Śāktism

Abstract

The article A First Aid(e) for God/dess: Hanumān as the Helper Deity in Vaishnavism, Śaivism, and Śāktism by Caleb Simmons explores Hanumān’s syncretic role across Hindu sects. Focusing on his modern devotional use as a problem-solver, the article argues that Hanumān serves as an accessible bridge deity who is invoked for protection, health, and resolution. Simmons documents how ritual practices reflect his cross-sectarian significance and spiritual utility.