Classical Dance in Hindi Cinema and Its Relationship to the Vaiṣṇava Tradition

Abstract

The article "Classical Dance in Hindi Cinema and its Relationship to the Vaishnava Tradition" by Robert Rintoull explores the pervasive influence of classical Indian dance, particularly Kathak, and its deep connection to the Vaishnava tradition within Hindi cinema. The article begins by defining natya as an inseparable blend of acting, performing, and dancing in Indian tradition. It then categorizes Indian dance into classical, folk, and modern, noting how Bollywood often mixes these genres. The author extensively discusses Kathak, a hybrid Muslim and Hindu dance form with origins in ancient Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit cultures, highlighting its roots in both the Moghul tawaif (courtesan) and temple devadasi traditions. Using V Shantaram's 1956 film Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baje as a central example, the article demonstrates how Vaishnava themes, particularly the Radha-Krishna lila pastimes, are intricately woven into classical dance sequences through mudras, abhinayas, and narrative. The piece also touches on other classical dance forms like Bharatanatyam and their presence in Hindi cinema. It concludes by emphasizing the historical role of the devadasi in transmitting classical dance aesthetics from Vedic times to modern cinema, underscoring the enduring link between sacred devotional offerings and cinematic entertainment.