Ahimsa in the Mahabharata

Abstract

This article, "Ahimsa in the Mahabharata: A Story, A Philosophical Perspective, And An Admonishment" by Christopher Key Chapple, explores the theme of ahimsa (nonviolence) within the seemingly paradoxical context of the war epic, the Mahabharata. Chapple examines three instances from the Shanti Parva and Anushasana Parva where nonviolence is advocated.

First, he summarizes the story of Jajali and Tuladhara, a merchant who exemplifies practical nonviolence and truthfulness, criticizing agricultural harm and animal sacrifice, suggesting a potential Jain influence and highlighting the integration of spiritual values into daily life. Second, the article presents a philosophical discussion by Brihaspati on monistic nonviolence, where seeing all beings as oneself leads to compassionate behavior, aligning with Brahmanical (Vedantic) thought. Third, Bhishma advocates vegetarianism, offering numerous justifications against meat-eating while also allowing for flexible adherence, potentially to appeal to the warrior caste.

Chapple concludes that these passages reveal a nuanced approach to nonviolence in the Mahabharata, integrating Jain influences with Vedantic justifications and practical adaptations. He distinguishes this form of nonviolence, primarily focused on ritual purity and individual spiritual development, from its modern political applications (e.g., by Gandhi), though he acknowledges the potential for a peaceful society rooted in such practices. The article emphasizes the Mahabharata's role in legitimizing nonviolence and vegetarianism within the broader Hindu tradition, stressing the sacredness and unity of all life.