The Supremacy of Vishnu/Krishna in the Mahabharata

Abstract

This article, "The Supremacy of Vishnu/Krishna in the Mahabharata," by Howard Resnick (H.D. Goswami), meticulously details how the Mahabharata consistently portrays Vishnu, also identified as Narayana and Krishna, as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Beginning with Suta's inaugural praises in Naimisharanya, the author demonstrates that the epic, from its very onset, elevates Vishnu as the "primeval person," the ultimate controller, and the source of all existence. The text further illustrates Vishnu's supremacy through key narratives, such as the churning of the ocean for amrita, where Vishnu, through His manifestations (Narayana, Ananta, Akupara), orchestrates the divine task and provides ultimate refuge for all beings, including Brahma.

Resnick highlights the significant use of "external quotation" in the Mahabharata, noting that while most characters are cited by a single standard name, the Supreme Lord is uniquely referred to by three distinct names: Vasudeva, Krishna (with the variant Sri Krishna), and Vishnu, underscoring their interchangeable nature and divine identity. The article also addresses the theological implications of Vishnu's dual status as both the Supreme Lord and an apparent member of the universal rulers (Adityas), consistently emphasizing His inherent superiority.

Finally, the paper reinforces Krishna's undeniable supremacy through His role in freeing imprisoned kings (Jarashandha's demise), His omniscience in recognizing the Pandavas, and His ultimate victory over all powerful beings in the Khandava forest incident. The article concludes by asserting that the Mahabharata's first two books unequivocally establish Krishna's glory, power, and all-attractiveness, making Him the central figure of devotion and the ultimate Supreme Personality of Godhead.