An Introduction to the Poetry of Narottam Das

Abstract

This abstract introduces the devotional poetry of Narottam Das (1534-1630?), a pivotal figure in post-Caitanya Vaisnavism. Emerging from the literary renaissance fostered by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu in eastern India, Narottam Das significantly contributed to the corpus of Bhakti poetry in Bengali and Brajabuli languages. His most important work, Prarthana (Prayers), an anthology of 53 Bengali poems, is translated in full for the first time in this article. These poems express themes of separation from God, humility, self-criticism, and spiritual aspirations within the framework of Radha-Krishna worship.

The article highlights Narottam Das's role not only as a prolific writer but also as a preacher and organizer who systematized Gaudiya Vaisnava theology. He is particularly noted for forging a new musical genre, Padavali-Kirtan, a "Bengali classical" music influenced by Dhrupad, which provided impetus for new devotional poetry. The article also discusses the inclusion of Gaura-Candrika padas in Kirtan to honor Sri Caitanya, reflecting his divine status. It further explores the pervasive themes of remorse and self-deprecation in Indian devotional poetry, providing context for Narottam Das's work, and briefly touches on his life, spiritual journey, and the historical context of his contributions to the dissemination of Gaudiya Vaisnavism.